CH27 - Describe how ideas of the atom have changed

CH28 - Describe the structure of the atom

CH29 - Identify the charge and mass of the sub-atomic particles

CH30 - Explain why atoms are neutral

CH31 - Compare the size of the nucleus to the atom

CH32 - Identify where most of the mass of the atom is

CH33 - Recall the meaning of the term mass number

CH34 - Describe why the atomic number is unique

CH35 - Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an atom

CH36 - Draw and write the electronic configuration for elements 1-20

CH37 - Relate the electronic configuration to the position on the periodic table

CH38 - Describe what an isotope is

CH39 - Explain why some mass numbers are not whole

CH40 - Calculate the relative atomic mass of an isotope

CH41 - Estimate the abundance of different isotopes

CH42 - Describe how Mendeleev arranged the Periodic Table

CH43 - Describe how Mendeleev predicted the properties of unknown elements

CH44 - Explain why Mendeleev was wrong when he ordered elements by atomic mass

CH45 - Relate the atomic number to the position in the periodic table

CH46 - Describe how the periodic table is structured

CH47 - Explain the position of metals and non-metals on the Periodic Table

CH48 - Explain how ionic bonds form

CH49 - Describe what an ion is

CH50 - Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in an ion

CH51 - Explain the formation of ions in groups 1, 2, 6 and 7

CH52 - Draw dot and cross diagrams to show ionic bonding

CH53 - Explain the use of the endings –ide & –ate in compounds

CH54 - Work out the formula of ionic compounds when given the charges of the ions

CH55 - Explain the lattice structure of ionic compounds

CH56 - Explain why ionic compounds have high melting points

CH57 - Explain why ionic compounds only conduct when molten

CH58 - Explain what a covalent bond is

CH59 - Describe what a molecule is

CH60 - Identify the size of covalent molecules

CH61 - Use dot and cross diagrams to explain covalent bonding

CH62 - Explain why simple covalent compounds have low melting points

CH63 - Explain why simple covalent compounds do not conduct electricity

CH64 - Use Diamond and Graphite to explain what giant covalent substances are

CH65 - Describe the structures of graphite and diamond

CH66 - Explain the uses of diamond and graphite

CH67 - Explain the properties of fullerenes and graphene

CH68 - Explain why metals have high melting points

CH69 - Explain why metals can conduct electricity

CH70 - Explain why metals are malleable

CH71 - Describe the properties of metals and non-metals

CH72 - Describe what polymers are

CH73 - Describe the limitations of models

CH74 - Recall the properties of each type of bonding

CH75 - Identify the type of bonding occurring from a table of properties

CH76 - Explain how to investigate the type of bonding occurring

CH77 - Explain how and why elements and compounds can be classified

CH78 - Calculate relative formula mass

CH79 - Calculate the empirical formulae of a compound from reacting masses

CH80 - Work out the simplest ratio and molecular formula of a compound

CH81 - Describe an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide

CH82 - Explain the law of conservation of mass

CH83 - Calculate masses of reactants and products from balanced equations

CH84 - Calculate the concentration in g dm⁻³

CH85 - Describe the moles of a substance, including Avogadro's constant

CH86 - Calculate the number of moles, mass and particles of a substance

CH87 - Describe what the limiting reactant is in a chemical reaction

CH88 - Deduce the stoichiometry of a reaction from the masses of the reactants and products

CH89 - Describe the properties of solids, liquids and Gases

CH90 - Explain what is happening during state changes

CH91 - Explain state changes using Melting Point graphs

CH92 - Predict the state of different substances

CH93 - Explain the meaning of 'Pure' in Chemistry

CH94 - Draw Melting Point graphs for pure and impure solids

CH95 - Explain how to separate an insoluble solid from a mixture

CH96 - Explain how to separate a soluble solid from a solution

CH97 - Explain how to separate a soluble and insoluble solid from a mixture

CH98 - Describe how to set up a paper chromatogram

CH99 - Describe the different phases of paper chromatography

CH100 - Interpret a chromatogram

CH101 - Calculate the Retention Factor for a chromatogram

CH102 - Explain how simple distillation can be used to separate mixtures of liquids

CH103 - Explain how fractional distillation can be used to separate multiple liquids

CH104 - Explain how to separate two substances

CH105 - Core Practical: Investigate the composition of inks

CH106 - Describe how to make saltwater potable (safe to drink)

CH107 - Explain the stages necessary to make lake water potable (safe to drink)

CH108 - Explain the importance of chemical analysis

CH109 - Describe acids and alkalis in terms of ions

CH110 - Identify the pH of acids, alkalis and neutral substances

CH111 - Identify the effect of acids and alkalis on indicators

CH112 - Explain the terms dilute and concentrated

CH113 - Explain the terms weak and strong acids

CH114 - Describe what a base is

CH115 - Describe what an alkali is

CH116 - Explain the general reactions of aqueous solutions of acids with metals

CH117 - Explain the general reactions of aqueous solutions of acids with metal oxides/hydroxides

CH118 - Explain the general reactions of aqueous solutions of acids with metal carbonates

CH119 - Describe the chemical test for hydrogen

CH120 - Describe the chemical test for carbon dioxide

CH121 - Explain what is seen when an acid is added to a base

CH122 - Explain acid-alkali reactions in terms of ions

CH123 - Link the concentration of ions to the pH of acids and alkalis

CH124 - Work out the change in pH when the concentration increases by a factor of 10

CH125 - Explain how to prepare a soluble salt from an acid and an insoluble reactant

CH126 - Core Practical: Investigate the preparation copper sulfate crystals 

CH127 - Core Practical: Investigate the change in pH

CH128 - Explain how to prepare a soluble salt from an acid and a soluble reactant

CH129 - Describe how to carry out an acid-alkali titration to prepare a pure, dry salt

CH130 - Recall the main rules of solubility

CH131 - Predict whether a precipitate will form in a displacement reaction

CH132 - Describe the method used to prepare a pure, dry sample of an insoluble salt

CH133 - Describe what electrolytes are

CH134 - Describe the process of electrolysis

CH135 - Explain the movement of ions during electrolysis

CH136 - Explain how electrolysis can be used to purify copper

CH137 - Investigate the electrolysis of copper sulfate (CORE PRACTICAL)

CH138 - Explain the formation of the products in electrolysis

CH139 - Write half equations for electrolysis

CH140 - Explain oxidation and reduction in terms of electrons

CH141 - Describe where oxidation and reduction are occurring during electrolysis

CH142 - Deduce the reactivity of metals, by their reactions with water, acids, and salt solutions

CH143 - Explain displacement reactions as redox reactions, in terms of gain or loss of electrons

CH144 - Explain the reactivity series of metals in terms of the reactivity with water and dilute acids

CH145 - Explain the link between reactivity and rate of oxidation

CH146 - Recall how metals are found in the Earth's crust

CH147 - Explain oxidation as the gain of oxygen and reduction as the loss of oxygen

CH148 - Recall that the extraction of metals involves reduction of ores

CH149 - Explain how to extract a metal from its ore 

CH150 - Evaluate alternative biological methods of metal extraction (bacterial and phytoextraction)

CH151 - Evaluate the advantages of recycling metals

CH152 - Describe what a lifetime assessment for a product involves

CH153 - Evaluate data from a life cycle assessment of a product

CH154 - Recall that chemical reactions are reversible

CH155 - Explain what is meant by dynamic equilibrium

CH156 - Describe the formation of ammonia

CH157 - Recall the conditions for the Haber process

CH158 - Predict the position of a dynamic equilibrium